Ugandan woman transforms shea waste into clean energy to curb charcoal demand

Rising demand for charcoal across the region is intensifying pressure on indigenous tree species that have traditionally been harvested for fuel, prompting environmental groups to warn of accelerated deforestation and loss of biodiversity. In several rural districts, the surge in charcoal production—driven by both domestic consumption and export markets—has led to increased logging of native hardwoods, undermining the ecological balance of forested areas that serve as habitats for endemic wildlife and sources of water regulation for surrounding communities.

In response, local cooperatives and non‑governmental organizations are turning to previously discarded plant material, such as agricultural residues, sawdust and fruit‑tree prunings, to produce alternative charcoal and biochar products. Pilot projects in three provinces have demonstrated that converting this waste into high‑quality fuel reduces reliance on forest timber while providing new income streams for farmers and laborers. The initiatives also incorporate training on sustainable harvesting techniques and market linkage support, aiming to scale the approach as a viable substitute for traditional charcoal sources.