UCSC researchers map North American bison genome to aid conservation

A team of ancient DNA researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz has published a new paleogenomic study that maps the genetic diversity of the North American bison, a species that once faced extinction in the early 20th century. By sequencing DNA from museum specimens collected across the continent, the scientists reconstructed a comprehensive genetic landscape that highlights the population structure, historical gene flow, and the impact of past bottlenecks on the species.

The resulting genetic roadmap offers practical guidance for modern conservation programs. It identifies distinct lineages that should be prioritized for breeding, highlights regions of the genome that have been lost during historical population declines, and provides a baseline against which contemporary bison herds can be compared. The study also underscores the value of ancient DNA in informing restoration strategies for other species that have suffered severe genetic erosion.

With this genetic framework in place, wildlife managers and ranchers can make more informed decisions about translocations, mating plans, and habitat restoration to rebuild a genetically robust bison population. The research demonstrates how paleogenomics can bridge the gap between historical biodiversity and present‑day conservation, ensuring that the bison’s legacy continues for future generations.