U.S. Health Care-Associated Infections Decline 2015-2023

The New England Journal of Medicine has reported that the prevalence of health‑care‑associated infections (HCAIs) in the United States fell in 2023 compared with 2015. The study, which analyzed national surveillance data, found a measurable decline in the proportion of patients acquiring infections during hospital stays, a trend that signals progress in infection prevention efforts across the country.

Researchers examined a broad range of HCAIs—including bloodstream, urinary tract, and surgical site infections—using data collected from participating hospitals over the two time periods. The analysis controlled for changes in reporting practices and patient demographics, indicating that the reduction reflects genuine improvements in infection control protocols, antimicrobial stewardship, and the adoption of evidence‑based guidelines. The authors noted that the decline also coincides with heightened awareness of infection risks following the COVID‑19 pandemic, which prompted many institutions to strengthen hygiene and surveillance systems.

While the study highlights encouraging gains, it underscores the need to sustain and accelerate these efforts. Continued investment in infection prevention training, real‑time surveillance, and coordinated public‑health strategies will be essential to maintain the downward trajectory and further reduce the burden of HCAIs on patients and the health‑care system.