Sudan war endangers over 200 Meroe pyramids, a UNESCO World Heritage site

More than 200 ancient pyramids at the Meroë necropolis in Sudan are now considered at risk as the country’s intensifying armed conflict and prolonged neglect threaten the preservation of the UNESCO World Heritage site. The pyramids, built between the 8th century BC and the 4th century AD by the Kingdom of Kush, are among the most significant archaeological remains in Africa, attracting scholars and tourists alike.

Since the outbreak of hostilities in April 2023, fighting has spread to the northern regions of the country, disrupting security and limiting access for conservation teams. Satellite imagery and on‑the‑ground reports indicate that looting, vandalism and exposure to the elements have increased, while the lack of funding and damaged infrastructure have hampered routine maintenance. UNESCO and several international heritage organizations have issued urgent appeals for the protection of the site, urging the Sudanese authorities and warring parties to respect cultural property under the 1954 Hague Convention.

If the current conditions persist, the deterioration of the Meroë pyramids could become irreversible, erasing a unique record of Nubian civilization. Stakeholders continue to call for a cease‑fire corridor around the heritage zone and for the mobilization of resources to stabilize and restore the monuments before further loss occurs.