Researchers test far-ultraviolet light to prevent bird flu in poultry

In early 2025, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strain swept through U.S. poultry farms, prompting the culling of tens of millions of birds. The outbreak, first detected in the Midwest, rapidly spread to major egg‑producing regions, forcing producers to shut down operations and destroy large flocks to contain the virus. The sudden loss of supply contributed to a sharp rise in egg prices nationwide, with retail prices climbing by more than 30 percent in several states.

Government agencies and industry groups coordinated a multi‑pronged response that included enhanced surveillance, movement restrictions, and the distribution of antiviral drugs to affected farms. The U.S. Department of Agriculture reported that by mid‑March, more than 80 percent of the infected flocks had been eliminated, though the virus remained present in several isolated sites. Food‑service and grocery chains reported shortages of fresh eggs, prompting some to shift to frozen or liquid alternatives. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidance for poultry workers and advised consumers to practice proper egg handling to mitigate any residual risk.

As the industry recovers, authorities continue to monitor for re‑emergence of HPAI and are working on vaccination strategies for high‑risk flocks. The economic impact on farmers and the broader food supply chain is still unfolding, with analysts projecting a gradual return to pre‑outbreak price levels as production stabilizes and new flocks are raised.