MASH May Need Personalized Treatment as Subtypes Emerge

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is now recognized as the most common chronic liver disorder, affecting roughly 38 % of adults worldwide. Its progressive form, metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is marked by hepatic inflammation and cellular injury that can advance to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other severe complications. MASH is increasingly cited as a leading indication for liver transplantation.

The disease is closely linked to metabolic comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Lifestyle factors—including diets high in refined sugars and saturated fats, as well as physical inactivity—are major contributors to its growing prevalence. Recent reports also show a rising incidence of MASH among children, underscoring the expanding demographic impact of the condition.

With its expanding reach across adult and pediatric populations, MASLD and MASH pose a growing public‑health challenge. Early identification, management of metabolic risk factors, and heightened clinical awareness are essential to mitigate the progression to advanced liver disease and reduce the need for transplantation.