Indonesia peat fires surge early in 2026 season, burning underground

Indonesia is experiencing a rapid rise in peat‑fire activity at the outset of the 2026 fire season, as meteorological conditions intensify the risk of prolonged burning. A strengthening El Niño pattern, coupled with an extensive drought, has dried the country’s peatland wetlands, creating conditions that allow fires to smolder underground for months.

The smoldering peat fires differ from typical tropical forest blazes by emitting significantly higher concentrations of fine particulate matter and a suite of pollutants, including carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds. Because the combustion occurs beneath the surface, the resulting thick smoke hampers satellite detection, complicating monitoring and response efforts. Authorities have reported that the early surge in fire incidents exceeds the average start‑of‑season activity recorded in the past decade.

Experts warn that the combination of deep‑seated peat combustion and limited visibility may prolong the fire season and exacerbate air‑quality impacts across the region. Continued observation and coordinated firefighting measures are deemed essential to mitigate the environmental and health consequences as the season progresses.