Giorgia Melani loses judicial reform referendum as Italy's first female prime minister

Giorgia Meloni became the first woman to head an Italian government on 25 September 2022, a milestone that resonated with many Italians who saw her rise from a disadvantaged Roman neighbourhood to the pinnacle of political power. Her election followed a coalition of right‑wing parties that secured a majority in the 2022 general election, positioning her as a central figure in Italy’s contemporary politics.

In March 2024, a nationwide referendum on proposed judicial reforms—an initiative championed by Meloni’s administration—was rejected by voters. The setback, seen by analysts as a blow to the perceived invincibility of her leadership, marks a turning point as her term draws to a close. The referendum’s outcome has prompted calls for a reassessment of her government’s agenda and raised questions about the future direction of Italy’s political landscape.

As the government enters its final months, the focus shifts to how Meloni will navigate the post‑referendum environment and what strategies she will employ to maintain stability. The outcome of this period will likely influence the political calculus ahead of the next general election and shape the trajectory of Italy’s governance in the coming years.