Drought and Low Danube Levels Strain Electricity Supply in Central Europe

Central and southeastern Europe is facing a severe drought‑heat wave that has dramatically lowered water levels in the Danube, the region’s key hydroelectric source. The resulting shortfall in freshwater flow has put pressure on power generation, with Hungary and Romania reporting rising electricity costs and frequent supply shortages. In contrast, Bulgaria has been able to maintain a more stable grid, thanks to a diversified energy mix and higher storage capacities in its hydro plants.

The decline in Danube water levels has reduced the output of several major hydroelectric stations that supply a significant portion of the national grids in Hungary and Romania. Energy producers in those countries have had to rely more heavily on fossil‑fuel plants, increasing fuel imports and driving up prices. Bulgarian utilities, meanwhile, have benefited from a larger share of wind and solar capacity, as well as better reservoir management, which has helped cushion the impact of the drought.

As the heat wave continues, authorities in Hungary and Romania are urging consumers to conserve energy and are exploring emergency measures to secure supply. Meanwhile, Bulgaria’s experience underscores the importance of a diversified energy portfolio and robust water‑management infrastructure in mitigating climate‑induced shocks. The situation remains fluid, with regional cooperation and investment in renewable resources seen as key to reducing future vulnerability.